Cylinder for a water-cooled internal combustion engine



April 25, 1957 E. RIES ETAL 3,315,652

CYLINDER FOR A WATER-COOLED INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Jan. '5,1966 United States Patent 6 7 Claims. or: 123-4131 This inventionrelates to a cylinder for a water-cooled internal combustion engine,more especially a diesel engine having separate cylinder heads.

An object of the invention is to conduct the cooling water in such a wayto those parts of the cylinder which require cooling that localoverheating and supercooling and also vapour locks are avoided, and thecylinder is thus better able to withstand high thermal stresses withoutdamage, more especially without cracking the cylinder head orcarbonising the injection nozzle.

According to the present invention, there is provided a cylinder for aWater-cooled internal combustion engine, comprising a cylinder body,portions of said body defining a substantially cylindrical working spacetherein, a hollow cylinder head at an upper end of said cylinder body, abase plate of said cylinder head bounding an upper end of said workingspace, portions of said cylinder body defining a cooling jacket chamberextending around said working space and to the region of said base platefor cooling said cylinder body with cooling water, portions of said baseplate defining first and second transfer opening disposed to one side ofthe working space axis and extending through said base plate and incommunication with said chamber for leading through said base platecooling water from said chamber, other portions of said base platedefining an outlet valve port and an inlet valve port extending throughsaid base plate and disposed to respective opposite sides of said axis,a tubular gas inlet duct and a tubular gas outlet duct of said cylinderhead extending to the inlet valve port and the outlet valve portrespectively and having their interiors in communication with therespective ports, portions of said inlet duct and said outlet ductdefining a gap therebetween, portions of said cylinder head remote fromsaid cylinder body defining an outlet opening to the side of said axisopposite to said one side for leading cooling water out of said cylinderhead, a housing in said cylinder head in the region of the middle ofsaid cylinder head for receiving an injection nozzle, first portions ofsaid cylinder head defining first conduit means extending transverselyof said axis and leading from said first transfer opening via theoutside of said housing to said gap and thence to said outlet openingfor conducting cooling water from said first transfer opening intoheat-exchange contact with said housing and thence to said outletopening via said gap, second portions of said cylinder head definingsecond conduit means ex tending transversely of said axis and leadingfrom said second transfer opening to said outlet opening via the outsideof said outlet duct for conducting cooling water from said secondtransfer opening into heat-exchange contact with said outlet duct andthence to said outlet opening, portions of said first portions of saidcylinder head including portions of an upper major surface of said baseplate defining in said cylinder head a first receiving chamber whichcovers about a quarter of the area of said major surface and into whichopens the first transfer opening for receiving cooling water from saidfirst transfer opening, portions of said second portions of saidcylinder head including further portions of said major surface definingin said cylinder head a second receiving chamber which covers about aquarter of the ice area of said major surface and into which opens thesecond transfer opening for receiving cooling water from said secondtransfer opening, partition wall means separating said first receivingchamber from'said second receiving chamber, and further wall means ofsaid cylinder head covering almost completely each of the receivingchambers and disposed in the region of the middle of the dimension ofsaid cylinder head in a direction of said axis.

As a result of the cooling Water lbeing conducted into two receivingchambers which are separate one from the other, it is possible to obtaina correct distribution of the quantities of cooling water among thecritical areas of the cylinder head, which are the base plate of thecylinder head, the housing, the gap between the gas inlet and outletducts, and outlet duct.

Because the receiving chambers are almost completely covered from above,it is primarily to the hot base plate of the cylinder head that thecooling water is supplied. However, because the receiving chambers arenot completely covered, vapour bubbles are able to ascend and escape.

The gas outlet duct preferably extends through a location directly abovethe second receiving chamber. In this way, a very effective cooling ofthe duct is achieved.

The first receiving chamber is preferably covered by a transversepartition wall which extends in a plane perpendicular to the workingspace axis from radially outer boundary walls of the receiving chamberto the middle of the cylinder head, and which encircles the housing.

A uniform distribution of cooling water in the cooling jacket chamber isadvantageously obtained by at least a third lateral transfer openingbeing disposed in the cylinder head base plate at the same side of theworking space axis as the outlet opening, the cross-sectional area ofthe third opening being less than the total cross-sectional area of thefirst and second openings. The cooling water flows into the coolingjacket cham'ber from an inlet opening situated beneath the first andsecond transfer openings and at the lowest point of the chamber. Thedesired uniform flow of cooling water is obtained, despite the shortertravel from the inlet opening to the first transfer opening, by the factthat the first and second transfer openings lead to longer and moreresistant flow paths in the cylinder head than does the third transferopening.

The escape of vapour bubbles upwardly from the first receiving chamberis advantageously achieved by providing a clearance between thetransverse partition wall and the nozzle or plug housing. This can alsobe achieved by forming the transverse partition wall with avapourventing aperture, which is situated above the first transferopening and of which the cross-sectional area is smaller than that ofthe first transfer opening.

The discharge of vapour bubbles from the second receiving chamber isadvantageously effected by a free gap being situated between a majorpart of the gas outlet duct and an adjacent outer wall of the cylinderhead.

In order that the invention may be clearly understood, and readilycarried into effect, reference will now be made, by way of example, tothe accompanying drawing, in which:

FIGURE 1 is a vertical section taken on the line II in FIGURE 2 througha cylinder of a water-cooled diesel engine having separate cylinderheads, the section plane containing the axis of a cylindrical workingspace of the cylinder, and

FIGURE 2 shows a section taken on the line II-II of FIGURE 1.

Referring to the drawing, the cylinder consists of a cylinder body and acylinder head disposed at an upper end of the cylinder body. Thecylinder head comprises a base plate 1, a top plate 2, side Walls 3, 4,5 and 6, a tubular gas inlet duct 7 and a tubular gas outlet duct 8. Thebase plate 1 closes the upper end of a cylindrical working space in thecylinder body. The gas ducts 7 and 8 communicate respectively with avalve inlet port and a valve outlet port disposed to respective oppositesides of the working space axis 9. Situated near the working pace axis 9is an injection nozzle housing 10, which can accommodate a directinjection nozzle (not shown). However, if the engine were instead to bean Otto gas engine, the housing 111 would accommodate a sparking plug.Situated near the Wall 4 are a first transfer opening 11 and a secondtransfer opening 12 in the base plate 1 of the cylinder head. Near theopposite wall 6 are a third transfer opening 13 and an outlet opening14. The openings 11 and 12 open into a first receiving chamber 15 and asecond receiving chamber 16, respectively. The chambers 15 and 16 areseparated one from the other by a partition wall 17, which extends fromthe base plate 1 up to the outlet duct 8. Each chamber 15 and 16 coversabout a quarter of the area of the upper major surface of the baseplate 1. The first receiving chamber 15 is covered from above by atransverse partition wall 18, which encircles the nozzle housing withclearance and which extends, up to the axis 9 in a plane perpendicularto the axis 9, between the walls 3 and 4 and the outlet duct 8. Thewalls 3 and 4 form the radially outer limits of the chamber 15. Formedin the transverse partition wall 18 is a vapour-venting aperture 19,which is above the opening 11. The cross-sectional area of the aperture19 is less than that of the opening 11, advantageously in the ratio1:10. The second receiving chamber 16 is so covered from above by theoutlet duct 8 that there is a free gap 2@ between a major part of theoutlet duct 8 and the adjacent outer wall 5. Extending across the gapbetween the gas ducts 7 and 8 and situated in the region of the axis 9is a Web-portion 21. A cooling jacket chamber 22 is defined by a sleeve23 of the cylinder body and a cooling jacket 24 of the cylinder body andhas an approximately annular section in planes perpendicular to the axis9. It does not communicate with the cooling jacket chambers of theadjacent cylinders, but is merely provided with fresh cooling waterthrough an inlet opening 25 from a distributing duct 26. Thedistributing duct 26 extends along the cylinder block and supplies theother cylinders in the same way.

The cooling water discharges from the opening 25, which is beneath theopenings 11 and 12, into the chamber 22, where it forks to give a stream27 flowing directly to the openings 11 and 12, and a stream 2? flowingaround the sleeve 23 to the opening 13 and thence as a stream 29 to theoutlet opening 1 The stream 27 flowing to the opening 11 branches in thechamber into streams 3t! and 31, which cool the corresponding part ofthe base plate 1, the nozzle housing 11 the web portion 21 and theadjoining wall of the outlet duct 8 and then flow via the outside of theinlet duct 7 to the outlet opening 14. Two further streams 32 and 33 arebranched off from the streams 311 and 31, the first through the aperture19 and the second through the clearance between the transverse partitionwall 18 and the nozzle housing 10, and they remove from the chamber 15vapour bubbles which would interfere with the cooling action. A stream34 branched from the stream 27 and passing through the opening 12 coolsthe base plate 1 and the outlet duct 8 in the region of the secondreceivchamber 16 and then flows via the outside of the inlet duct 7 tothe outlet opening 14. In this Way, any vapour bubbles are able toescape upwardly through the gap 20. It is to be seen that the inletduct, which does not require cooling but rather belongs to those partsof the cylinder head which are heated, is swept over near its upper endby the heated cooling water, while heat is supplied to its lower endfrom the hot base plate 1. As a consequence, all components of thecylinder head assume a fairly even temperature, this preventing heatcracks from being caused. Because the streams 30, 31 and 3-4 meetgreater flow resistance than does the stream 29, it is possible toproduce a uniform cooling flow around the cylinder sleeve 23 in the formof the streams 27 and 28. A too strong emphasising of the stream 28 isprevented by the total cross-sectional area of the openings 11 and 12being greater than that of the opening 13. In this respect, a ratio of8:1 has proved expedient.

We claim:

1. A cylinder for a water-cooled internal combustion engine, comprisinga cylinder body, portions of said body defining a substantiallycylindrical working space therein, a hollow cylinder head at an upperend of said cylinder body, a base plate of said cylinder head boundingan upper end of said working space, portions of said cylinder bodydefining a cooling jacket chamber extending around said working spaceand to the region of said base plate for cooling said cylinder body withcooling water, portions of said base plate defining first and secondtransfer openings disposed to one side of the working space axis andextending through said base plate and in communication with said chamberfor leading through said base plate cooling water from said chamber,other portions of said base plate defining an outlet valve port and aninlet valve port extending through said base plate and disposed torespective opposite sides of said axis, a tubular gas inlet duct and atubular gas outlet duct of said cylinder head extending to the inletvalve port and the outlet valve port respectively and having theirinteriors in communication with the respective ports, portions of saidinlet duct and said outlet duct defining a gap therebetween, portions ofsaid cylinder head remote from said cylinder body defining an outletopening to the side of said axis opposite to said one side for leadingcooling Water out of said cylinder head, a housing in said cylinder headin the region of the middle of said cylinder head for receiving aninjection nozzle first portions of said cylinder head defining firstconduit means extending transversely of said axis and leading from saidfirst transfer opening via the outside of said housing to said gap andthence to said outlet opening for conducting cooling water from saidfirst transfer opening into heat-exchange contact with said housing andthence to said outlet opening via said gap, second portions of saidcylinder head defining second conduit means extending transversely ofsaid axis and leading from said second transfer opening to said outletopening via the outside of said outlet duct for conducting cooling waterfrom said second transfer opening into heat-exchange contact with saidoutlet duct and thence to said outlet opening, portions of said firstportions of said cylinder head including portions of an upper majorsurface of said base plate defining in said cylinder head a firstreceiving chamber which covers about a quarter of the area of said majorsurface and into which opens the first transfer opening for receivingcooling water from said first transfer opening, portions of said secondportions of said cylinder head including further portions of said majorsurface defining in said cylinder head a second receiving chamber whichcovers about a quarter of the area of said major surface and into Whichopens the second transfer opening for receiving cooling water from saidsecond transfer opening, partition wall means separating said firstreceiving chamber from said second receiving chamber, and further Wallmeans of said cylinder head covering almost completely each of thereceiving chambers and disposed in the region of the middle of the di-Lrnension of said cylinder head in a direction of said axis.

2. A cylinder as claimed in claim 1, wherein said outlet duct extendsthrough a location directly above said second receiving chamber.

3. A cylinder as claimed in claim 2, and further comprising an outerwall of said cylinder head adjacent to said outlet duct, and portions ofsaid outer wall and of a major part of said outlet duct defining a gaptherebetween forming part of said second conduit means.

4. A cylinder as claimed in claim 1, and further comprising radiallyouter boundary wall means of said first receiving chamber forming theradially outer limits of said first receiving chamber, said further wallmeans comprising a partition wall disposed directly above said secondreceiving chamber and extending, in a plane perpendicular to said axis,from said radially outer boundary wall means to the region of the middleof said cylinder head, and passing around said housing.

5. A cylinder as claimed in claim 4, and further comprising portions ofsaid housing and of said partition wall defining a clearancetherebetween.

6. A cylinder as claimed in claim 4, and further comprising portions ofsaid partition Wall defining a vapourventing aperture disposed abovesaid first transfer opening and of a cross-sectional area smaller thanthat of said first transfer opening.

7. A cylinder as claimed in claim 1, and further comprising furtherportions of said base plate defining a third transfer opening to theside of said axis opposite to said one side, said third transfer openingextending through said base plate and communicating with said coolingjacket chamber and being of a cross-sectional area less than the totalcross-sectional area of said first and second transfer openings, andportions of said cylinder body defining a cooling water inlet openinginto said cooling jacket chamber at a location beneath said first andsecond transfer openings and remote from said cylinder head.

References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,845,521 2/1932Ross 12341.77 2,000,979 5/1935 Parkhill et al. 123-4177 2,493,532 1/1950Foden et al. 12341.76 2,619,078 11/1952 Witzky et al.

2,785,664 3/1957 Goldsmith 123-4131 2,788,776 4/1957 Holt 123-4182 MARKNEWMAN, Primary Examiner.

A. L. SMITH, Assistant Examiner.

1. A CYLINDER FOR A WATER-COOLED INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE, COMPRISINGA CYLINDER BODY, PORTIONS OF SAID BODY DEFINING A SUBSTANTIALLYCYLINDRICAL WORKING SPACE THEREIN, A HOLLOW CYLINDER HEAD AT AN UPPEREND OF SAID CYLINDER BODY, A BASE PLATE OF SAID CYLINDER HEAD BOUNDINGAN UPPER END OF SAID WORKING SPACE, PORTIONS OF SAID CYLINDER BODYDEFINING A COOLING JACKET CHAMBER EXTENDING AROUND SAID WORKING SPACEAND TO THE REGION OF SAID BASE PLATE FOR COOLING SAID CYLINDER BODY WITHCOOLING WATER, PORTIONS OF SAID BASE PLATE DEFINING FIRST AND SECONDTRANSFER OPENINGS DISPOSED TO ONE SIDE OF THE WORKING SPACE AXIS ANDEXTENDING THROUGH SAID BASE PLATE AND IN COMMUNICATION WITH SAID CHAMBERFOR LEADING THROUGH SAID BASE PLATE COOLING WATER FROM SAID CHAMBER,OTHER PORTIONS OF SAID BASE PLATE DEFINING AN OUTLET VALVE PORT AND ANINLET VALVE PORT EXTENDING THROUGH SAID BASE PLATE AND DISPOSED TORESPECTIVE OPPOSITE SIDES OF SAID AXIS, A TUBULAR GAS INLET DUCT AND ATUBULAR GAS OUTLET DUCT OF SAID CYLINDER HEAD EXTENDING TO THE INLETVALVE PORT AND THE OUTLET VALVE PORT RESPECTIVELY AND HAVING THEIRINTERIORS IN COMMUNICATION WITH THE RESPECTIVE PORTS, PORTIONS OF SAIDINLET DUCT AND SAID OUTLET DUCT DEFINING A GAP THEREBETWEEN, PORTIONS OFSAID CYLINDER HEAD REMOTE FROM SAID CYLINDER BODY DEFINING AN OUTLETOPENING TO THE SIDE OF SAID AXIS OPPOSITE TO SAID ONE SIDE FOR LEADINGCOOLING WATER OUT OF SAID CYLINDER HEAD, A HOUSING IN SAID CYLINDER HEADIN THE REGION OF THE MIDDLE OF SAID CYLINDER HEAD FOR RECEIVING ANINJECTION NOZZLE FIRST PORTIONS OF SAID CYLINDER HEAD DEFINING FIRSTCONDUIT MEANS EXTENDING TRANSVERSELY OF SAID AXIS AND LEADING FROM SAIDFIRST TRANSFER OPENING VIA THE OUTSIDE OF SAID HOUSING TO SAID GAP ANDTHENCE TO SAID OUTLET OPENING FOR CONDUCTING COOLING WATER FROM SAIDFIRST TRANSFER OPENING INTO HEAT-EXCHANGE CONTACT WITH SAID HOUSING ANDTHENCE TO SAID OUTLET OPENING VIA SAID GAP, SECOND PORTIONS OF SAIDCYLINDER HEAD DEFINING SECOND CONDUIT MEANS EXTENDING TRANSVERSELY OFSAID AXIS AND LEADING FROM SAID SECOND TRANSFER OPENING TO SAID OUTLETOPENING VIA THE OUTSIDE OF SAID OUTLET DUCT FOR CONDUCTING COOLING WATERFROM SAID SECOND TRANSFER OPENING INTO HEAT-EXCHANGE CONTACT WITH SAIDOUTLET DUCT AND THENCE TO SAID OUTLET OPENING, PORTIONS OF SAID FIRSTPORTIONS OF SAID CYLINDER HEAD INCLUDING PORTIONS OF AN UPPER MAJORSURFACE OF SAID BASE PLATE DEFINING IN SAID CYLINDER HEAD A FIRSTRECEIVING CHAMBER WHICH COVERS ABOUT A QUARTER OF THE AREA OF SAID MAJORSURFACE AND INTO WHICH OPENS THE FIRST TRANSFER OPENING FOR RECEIVINGCOOLING WATER FROM SAID FIRST TRANSFER OPENING, PORTIONS OF SAID SECONDPORTIONS OF SAID CYLINDER HEAD INCLUDING FURTHER PORTIONS OF SAID MAJORSURFACE DEFINING IN SAID CYLINDER HEAD A SECOND RECEIVING CHAMBER WHICHCOVERS ABOUT A QUARTER OF THE AREA OF SAID MAJOR SURFACE AND INTO WHICHOPENS THE SECOND TRANSFER OPENING FOR RECEIVING COOLING WATER FROM SAIDSECOND TRANSFER OPENING, PARTITION WALL MEANS SEPARATING SAID FIRSTRECEIVING CHAMBER FROM SAID SECOND RECEIVING CHAMBER, AND FURTHER WALLMEANS OF SAID CYLINDER HEAD COVERING ALMOST COMPLETELY EACH OF THERECEIVING CHAMBERS AND DISPOSED IN THE REGION OF THE MIDDLE OF THEDIMENSION OF SAID CYLINDER HEAD IN A DIRECTION OF SAID AXIS.